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考点 1·词汇辨析

achieve“（凭长期努力）达到（某目标、地位、标准），完成，成功”，approach“接近”，attain“（通常指经过努力）获得，达到”，acquire“学到，取到”；

award “奖品，奖金”，reward “奖励，回报，悬赏金”，allowance“津贴，补贴”，prize“奖，奖品，难能可贵的事物”；

at times“有时”， to the minute“恰好，一分不差”，day by day “一天天”，around the clock“昼夜不停地”；

other than“除了……以外，不同于，不（常用于否定结构中）”，

rather than“而不是……”，or rather“更确切地说”，or else“否则，

要不然”。

考点 2·动词时态与语态

（1 ）现在进行时表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.

（2）现在进行时代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。The Yangtze River is flowing into the east.

（3）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时。

— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

— I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.

（4）下面主动形式常表示被动意义：

The window wants/needs/requires repairing.

The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut.

The play won’t act. The book sells well.

The dish tastes delicious. Water feels very cold.

考点 3·状语从句

（1）时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till,

until

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the

1

版权所有翻印究

day, the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

（2）目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

（3）让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词：as (用在让步状语从句中须要倒装), while (一般

用在句首), no matter…, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherver, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

考点 4·主语从句

引导主语从句的连词 that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：

若that 引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则 that 不能省略；若 that 引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语 it，则 that 可以

省略。

如：That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity.

It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk.

考点 5·定语从句

先行词只用 which/ who/ whom 的情况：

（1 ）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which 指代物，用 who/whom 指人。

（2）在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which 指物，whom 指人（“介词+ which”一般在定语从句中分别做

时间、地点、原因状语，于是“介词+ which”可以分别用 when, wher, why 代替）。

（3）先行词本身是 that 时，关系词用 which，先行词为 those, one, he 时多用 who。

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